red army faction

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Definition

Proper noun: * Red Army Faction (RAF): A left-wing, Marxist-Leninist militant organization that operated in West Germany from 1970 until its dissolution in 1998. It is classified as a terrorist group and was responsible for a series of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and bank robberies. It viewed itself as an urban guerilla group fighting against what it perceived as fascist tendencies in the West German state and against American imperialism.

Usage
  • The term is used as a proper noun to refer specifically to this historical German organization.
  • It is often discussed in the context of 1970s-1990s European political violence, Cold War history, and studies of terrorism.
  • It is frequently abbreviated as RAF (not to be confused with the British Royal Air Force).
Examples
  • The Red Army Faction was also known by the name "Baader-Meinhof Gang" after its early leaders.
  • Historians analyze the Red Army Faction as a product of the radical political climate following the 1960s student protests.
  • The government's intense manhunt for members of the Red Army Faction defined a period of German history known as the "German Autumn."
Advanced Usage
  • "RAF": The common abbreviation used in historical and political texts.
    • The RAF issued several political manifestos explaining its ideology.
  • In academic discourse, the group is analyzed within frameworks of left-wing terrorism, urban guerilla warfare, and post-war German political identity.
Variants and Related Words
  • Baader-Meinhof Gang: The name often used for the group in its early years (c. 1970-1972), focusing on its founding figures, Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof.
  • Rote Armee Fraktion: The original German name for the organization.
Synonyms
  • RAF (the standard abbreviation).
  • Baader-Meinhof Group/Gang (specifically for its early phase).

Note: As a proper noun referring to a specific entity, there are no true conceptual synonyms. The terms above are alternative names for the same organization.

Noun
  1. a Marxist and Maoist terrorist organization in Germany; a network of underground guerillas who committed acts of violence in the service of the class struggle; a successor to the Baader-Meinhof Gang; became one of Europe's most feared terrorist groups; disbanded in 1998

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